Which concept involves distributing risk among multiple parties?

Which concept involves distributing risk among multiple parties?

• A. Risk transfer
• B. Risk sharing
• C. Safeguard
• D. Risk avoidance

Answer: (B)

Distributing risk among multiple parties is risk sharing. This approach uses contracts or partnerships to allocate portions of potential loss or liability across several participants, so no single party bears the full impact. It helps manage uncertainty when multiple entities are involved, such as in joint ventures, consortiums, or outsourcing arrangements where responsibilities and exposures are shared. This differs from risk transfer, where the risk is shifted entirely to another party (for example, purchasing insurance or placing liability on a vendor), and from risk avoidance, which eliminates the activity to remove the risk. Safeguards are controls to reduce likelihood or impact but do not inherently distribute risk among parties.